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Attribution

Graphics, information and citation examples on this guide were taken from the Art Research guide of the University of California Irvine and are used with permission.

Tips

  • The APA does not require reference list entries for ephemeral works like performance art, because they no longer exist, and therefore you cannot lead the reader back to the source. Videos of such performances should be in the reference list though.

Works of Visual Art

Elements of citation:

Artistslasname, A. A. (Year of composition). Title of Work. [Format]. Place work resides.

Examples citations:

Carvaggio, M. (1606). Death of the Virgin. [Painting]. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravaggio

Jevbratt, L. (2005). Migration (a map of the Internet) [Digital visualization]. Retrieved from http://128.111.69.4/~jevbratt/1_to_1/3/migration/

Rodin, A. (1902). The thinker [Bronze and marble sculpture]. Paris, France: Musée Rodin.

Wyeth, A. (1948). Christina’s world [Painting]. New York, NY: Museum of Modern Art.

Wyeth, A. (1948). Christina’s world [Painting]. Retrieved from http://www.moma.org/explore/collection/index

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Film or Video recordings 

Elements of citation:

Traditional Film: Producerlastname, A. A. (Producer), & Directorlastname, A. (Director). (Year of publication). Title of video or movie [Motion picture]. Country of origin: Studio.

Online Film: Creatorlastname, A. A. (Date of publication). Title of video [Video file]. Retrieved from URL

Example citations:

Motoki, S. (Producer), & Kurosawa, A. (Director). (1954). Shichinin no samurai [Seven samurai; Motion picture]. Japan: Toho.

Hungrybear9562. (2010, January 8). Yosemitebear Mountain Giant Double Rainbow 1-8-10 [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQSNhk5ICTI

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Graphic Narratives

Elements of citation:

Writerslastname, A. A. (Writer), & Artistslastname, A. (Illus.). (Year of publication). Title ofwork. City of publication: Publisher.

Example citation:

Moore, A. (Writer), & Gibbons, D. (Illus.). (1986). Watchmen. New York: DC Comics Inc.

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Online maps

Elements of Citation:

Organizationname (Cartographer). (Year). Title of map [Type of map]. Retrieved from URL

Example citation:

Lewis County Geographic Information Services (Cartographer). (2002). Population density, 2000 U.S. Census [Demographic map]. Retrieved from http://www.co.lewis.wa.us/publicworks/map/Demographics/census-pop-dens_2000.pdf

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About this guide

This guide was last updated by Alex Jenkins on May 10, 2011 and is updated and maintained by the UC Irvine Libraries' Image Services Team.

It was originally created using the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (Sixth Edition).

Bear in mind that the primary purpose of citing references is to help the reader find the original sources.

Several of the examples used to illustrate these rules were selected from the Publication Manual and from apastlye.org. The book can be found here (Call number: BF76.7 .P83 2010).

American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

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