Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.)Since 2000 there has been an effort to assign everything that exists in the digital world, e.g. online articles, with a unique number called a Digital Object Identifier or a DOI. The DOI is unique, permanent, and persistent. It remains the same despite changes in URL's or permanent removal from the Internet.
In APA and AMA citation styles, use the DOI in citations whenever one is listed.
ChatGPT and similar tools are not credible sources of information; however, if your instructor allows other uses of AI applications in your course, you will still need to cite the output of those applications as you would any other source you use in your academic work. Citing the output of generative AI, for example large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT, is a unique challenge in that these applications are not "authors," and the output itself is irretrievable by others even when referenced. Therefore, you may need to provide additional documentation when submitting your work, for example, the full prompts you used to generate the output along with transcriptions or screenshots of the output. Style guides differ greatly on how and when to cite AI-generated content, so it's important to read the style guidelines for full details. Below are examples from the APA Style website for how to cite ChatGPT output specifically, but these examples should be applicable to any generative AI application.
Reference format:
Reference
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat
In-text formats:
• Parenthetical citation: (OpenAI, 2023)
• Narrative citation: OpenAI (2023)
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